Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens 11 juli 2023, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2023:0711JUD001093421 (Semenya/Zwitserland)

Exclusion from competitions of an athlete refusing to undergo hormonal treatment to reduce her testosterone levels. Dismissal of her challenges by the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld by the Swiss Federal Supreme Court. Violation by Switzerland of articles 14 iuncto 8 and 13 iuncto 14 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (“ECHR”). Reduced margin of appreciation of States in relation to substantive provisions of the ECHR regarding equal protection and effective legal protection in compulsory sport arbitration. No decisions as to article 6 fair trial protections.