State aid to banks (IVOR nr. 109) 2018/2.1:2.1 Introduction

State aid to banks (IVOR nr. 109) 2018/2.1

2.1 Introduction

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Since the topic of this PhD-study is the Commission’s assessment of State aid to banks, it might be worthwhile to provide a basic background of the concept “State aid control”. This will be done in the present chapter.

The concept of “State aid control” can be captured in a single statement: in principle, State aid is prohibited, but it can – in certain instances – be authorised (“declared compatible”) by the Commission. This statement touches upon the following questions. Firstly, why is State aid prohibited? Secondly, why is the Commission charged with assessing whether State aid is compatible? Thirdly, when does a measure fall under the scope of the prohibition? Fourthly, in which instances is State aid considered to be compatible with the internal market?

The first two questions concern the economics of State aid; these questions will be addressed in section 2.2 of the present chapter. The third question concerns the existence of State aid, while the fourth one concerns the compatibility of State aid; these questions will be addressed in sections 2.3 and 2.4 of the present chapter. Finally, the procedural aspects of State aid control will be set out in section 2.5.

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