1.4.2 Part II: Chapters 9-13 - Case studies

Part II (chapters 9-13) contains five case studies. They illustrate which tools and methods can bring success but they also identify dilemmas and obstacles that may emerge when implementing CSR.

Chapters 9 and 10 assess international CSR conflicts, one regarding the oil industry in Nigeria, the second the textile industry in India. The legal perspective of these chapters draws on international human rights law, international soft law standards, and Nigerian and Indian law respectively. The sources can be found in the footnotes in the chapters, and they have also been included in the Bibliography. Concerning the methodology, these chapters have been prepared on the basis of desk research and interviews. Chapter 10 is based on the author's participation in a mediation process regarding an international CSR-dispute.

Chapters 11-13 do not provide a legal analysis as they concentrate on specific CSR themes. The relationship between such a theme and the business community is assessed. Chapter 12 examines the roles of companies with regard to water. Chapter 12 presents the results of a research project concerning how capital markets can integrate the issue of biodiversity and ecosystem services' (BES) in their operations. It provides a perspective from practice which can supplement the theoretical perspective submitted in chapter 4 on integrating information on environmental matters in corporate annual accounts. Chapter 13 finally offers an insight into new markets that are developing for entrepreneurs and investors for investing in pro-biodiversity businesses.

The methodology utilised in the chapters 11-13 consisted of desk research and participation in experts' meetings and thematic conferences. In addition, in respect of chapters 12 and 13, the research entailed action research, which included interviewing private actors, NGOs and government officials, and organising a workshop and a conference concerning the respective themes of these chapters. Section 12.3 consists of an account of the action research technique employed. The literature and other sources that have been used are accounted for in in-text' references. All sources have been included in the Bibliography.

In the following sections, the relevant terminology in relation to CSR (section 1.5), the actors involved (sections 1.6 and 1.7), and the legal and semi-legal frameworks listed in section 1.3.2 will be discussed (1.8). The chapter will end with a note on certain themes that are discussed in the case studies such as dispute resolution (section 1.9) and innovative partnerships (section 1.10).