The Importance of Board Independence - a Multidisciplinary Approach
Einde inhoudsopgave
The Importance of Board Independence (IVOR nr. 90) 2012/11.2.1.4:11.2.1.4 Masculinity versus femininity
The Importance of Board Independence (IVOR nr. 90) 2012/11.2.1.4
11.2.1.4 Masculinity versus femininity
Documentgegevens:
N.J.M. van Zijl, datum 05-10-2012
- Datum
05-10-2012
- Auteur
N.J.M. van Zijl
- JCDI
JCDI:ADS594842:1
- Vakgebied(en)
Ondernemingsrecht / Algemeen
Ondernemingsrecht / Corporate governance
Toon alle voetnoten
Voetnoten
Voetnoten
Masculine and feminine are used to make a social distinction between sexes; male and female for the biological distinction. E.g. a woman can be masculine, but not male.
Deze functie is alleen te gebruiken als je bent ingelogd.
The fourth dimension is masculinity versus femininity.1 This dimension deals with the issue of the social division of roles between the sexes (Hofstede 1983: 83-85). People in masculine societies attach great value to achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material success, while people in feminine societies prefer relationships, modesty, caring for the weak and the quality of life (Hofstede 1984a: 84). The differences between masculinity versus femininity result in large-scale companies and an unwavering pursuit of economic growth at the expense of the environment in masculine societies; and smaller companies and more attention for the environment instead of economic growth in feminine societies (Hofstede 1984b: 207-208). Since masculine societies are also characterised by decisive and performance-oriented corporate action, companies are expected to have relatively low levels of board independence (Li and Harrison 2008b: 378).