4.7.3.1 No derivative actions

Derivative actions, which are actions where shareholders take the initiative in having the company sue the directors, are possible in the UK and the US, as described above.1 Derivative actions are not known onder Dutch law.2 A shareholder only has a cause of action against a director if the breach of contract or tort of the director affects the shareholder personally, i.e. where the act has been committed by the director with the intention of causing damage to that shareholder.