2.3.3 Analysis and synthesis of the findings

The 51 articles were read in full. The articles were coded to identify barriers by means of initial open coding.1 A code was assigned to each barrier. The codes that were used and the overarching second-order categories of codes that emerged are shown in Table 2.1, as well as the total number of articles in which the used codes appeared. This analysis identified seven barriers. The authors consider the identified barriers as most significant, as these barriers were mentioned most frequently in the selected articles and were pinpointed as the most important barriers in a considerable number of the selected articles.

The relationships between the barriers emerged mainly from the synthesis of the literature using systematic coding and the analysis of all articles and the barriers discussed therein. Relationships were identified when a barrier was discussed in relation to another barrier, e.g. using terms such as ‘reinforce’, ‘give rise to’, ‘have an effect on’, ‘affect’, ‘lead to’, ‘result in’, and ‘constrained’. Each relationship was given a unique code. Accordingly, the relationships between the various codes were identified within and across articles.