Remedies for infringements of EU law in legal relationships between private parties (LBF vol. 18) 2019/3.3.2.1:3.3.2.1 Direct horizontal effect of the freedom to provide services

Remedies for infringements of EU law in legal relationships between private parties (LBF vol. 18) 2019/3.3.2.1

3.3.2.1 Direct horizontal effect of the freedom to provide services

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102. In the context of determining the relationship between the fundamental right to collective action and the fundamental freedom to provide services, the Court of Justice discusses the character and effect of both concepts. Referring to Schmidberger and Omega Spielhallen, the Court reiterates that the exercise of the fundamental right at issue – the right to collective action – falls within the scope of the provisions of the Treaty.1 Therefore, the exercise must be reconciled with the rights, freedoms and principles protected under the Treaty, such as the freedom to provide services. In any way, the exercise of fundamental rights, like the right to collective action, must be in accordance with the proportionality principle.2

103. The Court notes that Article 56 TFEU is directly applicable and confers rights on private parties.3 These rights are enforceable by private parties and national courts are obliged to protect them. Furthermore, the Court reiterates – with reference to Walrave and Koch and Bosman – that compliance with Article 56 TFEU is also required in the case of “rules which are not public in nature but which are designed to regulate, collectively, the provision of services” – e.g. collective agreements.4

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