Einde inhoudsopgave
De bezoldiging van bestuurders van beursgenoteerde vennootschappen (IVOR nr. 113) 2018/444
444 Het verschil tussen excessief en onrechtmatig
mr. E.C.H.J. Lokin, datum 01-04-2018
- Datum
01-04-2018
- Auteur
mr. E.C.H.J. Lokin
- JCDI
JCDI:ADS366624:1
- Vakgebied(en)
Ondernemingsrecht / Corporate governance
Voetnoten
Voetnoten
McQuillen v. National Cash Register, 27 F. Supp. 639, 651-653, May 4, (D. Md 1939). De Court of Appeals (Fourth Circuit) bekrachtigde de beslissing van de District Court met voor het overgrote deel dezelfde bewoordingen. McQuillen v. National Cash Register Co., 112 F.2d 877, 884, June 10, (4th Cir. 1940).
McQuillen v. National Cash Register, 27 F. Supp. 639, 653, May 4, (D. Md 1939).
McQuillen v. National Cash Register, 27 F. Supp. 639, 653, May 4, (D. Md 1939).
Coleman onderstreept de afhankelijke positie van de aandeelhouders van de directors. Of ingrijpen door de rechtbank gerechtvaardigd is, hangt af van alle omstandigheden van ieder specifiek geval. “Of course, directors should not be permitted to abuse the power that is entrusted to them by the stockholders. The stockholders, in the very nature of things, must vest in the directors a vast amount of discretion in matters of this kind, and often cannot, without the aid of the courts, prevent or remedy abuse of this discretion. But whether there has actually resulted such abuse as will justify the intervention of a court, depends upon all the facts and circumstances in each particular case, and what may well be considered an abuse in one instance would, of course, not be so in another.” McQuillen v. National Cash Register, 27 F. Supp. 639, 653, May 4, (D. Md 1939).
McQuillen v. National Cash Register, 27 F. Supp. 639, 653, May 4, (D. Md 1939). Coleman doet nog wel een moreel beroep op de directors voor het uitoefenen van hun functie onder verwijzing naar Koplar v. Warner Bros. Pictures. In die zaak schreef rechter Nields: “In view of the character of the personal services and of financial assistance, past and future, rendered by the Brothers, the payment was not excessive and did not amount to waste. Salaries of $10.000 a week are matched by salaries paid to other top executives in this business. As a matter of morals such payments may be questioned. Directors have the power to award just compensation. That power should be used, not abused. Fair human requirements should set some limits to salaries. Extraordinary talent is not acquired. If it were, it would not be extraordinary. Doubtless it is an endowment which the holder should not place on the auction block.” McQuillen v. National Cash Register, 27 F. Supp. 639, 653-654, May 4, (D. Md 1939).
Coleman brengt vervolgens een belangrijke nuance aan door een onderscheid te maken tussen ‘excessive’ en ‘wasteful’ bezoldiging.1 Het feit dat een bezoldiging van boven de $100.000 door een gemiddeld persoon wordt aangemerkt als ‘more than a liberal compensation’ betekent niet, dat dit als maatstaf moet dienen voor de beoordeling van de onrechtmatigheid van de bezoldiging, aldus Coleman.
“We must distinguish between compensation that is actually wasteful and that which is merely excessive. The former is unlawful, the latter is not.”2
Van ‘waste’ is volgens rechter Coleman slechts sprake indien die bezoldiging het resultaat is van:
“a failure to relate the amount of compensation to the needs of the particular situation by any recognized business practices, honestly, even though unwisely adopted, – namely, the result of bad faith, or of a total neglect of or indifference to such practices.3
Excessieve bezoldiging, daarentegen, is slechts het resultaat van ‘poor judgment’ en niet noodzakelijkerwijs van iets anders.4 De rechter moet in een dergelijk geval niet op de stoel gaan zitten van de uitvoerende bestuurders bij het bepalen van de redelijkheid van de bezoldiging.
“If the rule were otherwise, the result would be destruction of autonomy in private enterprise to a degree that would render such enterprise no longer private; personal initiative and its just rewards would disappear, and this would undermine the very basis upon which our economic life, with its constitutional guaranties, is founded, and upon which our democratic form of government depends.”5